Introduction to Agricultural Sciences – Grade 12
Agricultural Sciences in Grade 12 focuses on the study of farming, food production, sustainability, and the role of agriculture in the economy. It combines biology, environmental science, and business principles to prepare students for careers in farming, agribusiness, environmental management, and agricultural research.
Key Topics in Grade 12 Agricultural Sciences
1. Animal Studies
- Animal nutrition (nutrients, digestion, and feeding strategies)
- Animal reproduction and breeding techniques
- Animal diseases and control measures
- Animal housing and welfare
2. Plant Studies
- Plant nutrition and photosynthesis
- Growth hormones and plant development
- Crop production techniques (soil preparation, irrigation, pest control)
- Genetically modified crops (GMOs) and their impact
3. Soil Science and Management
- Soil composition and types
- Soil fertility and conservation methods
- Organic and inorganic fertilizers
- Soil degradation and rehabilitation
4. Agricultural Economics
- Farming systems (subsistence, commercial, organic)
- Agribusiness management (budgeting, marketing, record-keeping)
- Supply and demand in agriculture
- Government policies and subsidies in farming
5. Environmental and Sustainable Farming
- Climate change and its impact on agriculture
- Water management and conservation
- Sustainable farming techniques (crop rotation, permaculture)
- Biodiversity and ecological balance in farming
6. Agricultural Technology and Innovation
- Mechanization in farming (tractors, irrigation systems)
- Biotechnology in agriculture (tissue culture, genetic engineering)
- Precision farming and smart agriculture
- Post-harvest handling and food preservation
