Introduction to Life Sciences – Grade 12
Life Sciences in Grade 12 focuses on the study of living organisms, their interactions with the environment, and biological processes that sustain life. This subject is essential for students interested in careers in medicine, environmental science, genetics, and biotechnology.
Key Topics in Grade 12 Life Sciences
1. DNA, Genetics, and Evolution
- Structure and function of DNA
- DNA replication, transcription, and translation
- Meiosis and genetic variation
- Mendelian Genetics and inheritance
- Genetic engineering and biotechnology
- Evolution theories (Darwin and Lamarck)
- Evidence for evolution (fossils, biogeography, and comparative anatomy)
2. Human Reproduction
- Male and female reproductive systems
- Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis)
- The menstrual cycle and hormonal control
- Fertilization, pregnancy, and birth
- Contraception and infertility treatments
3. Responding to the Environment
Humans
- Nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and reflex actions)
- Endocrine system (hormones and homeostasis)
- Sense organs (eye and ear structure and function)
Plants
- Plant hormones (auxins, gibberellins, abscisic acid)
- Tropisms (phototropism and geotropism)
4. Human Impact on the Environment
- Climate change and global warming
- Deforestation and biodiversity loss
- Water availability and pollution
- Food security and sustainable farming
- Conservation strategies and ecological sustainability
