Introduction to Physical Sciences – Grade 12
Physical Sciences in Grade 12 is a combination of Physics and Chemistry, focusing on understanding the natural world through scientific principles, mathematical calculations, and experimental analysis. This subject is crucial for students interested in careers in engineering, medicine, environmental sciences, and technology.
Key Topics in Grade 12 Physical Sciences
1. Physics
Physics deals with the laws of nature, energy, and motion.
Mechanics
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Momentum and Impulse
- Work, Energy, and Power
- Vertical Projectile Motion
- Circular Motion
Waves, Sound, and Light
- Doppler Effect
- Electromagnetic Radiation
- Diffraction and Interference
Electricity and Magnetism
- Electric Circuits (Ohm’s Law, series and parallel circuits)
- Electrostatics (Charge, Electric Fields, Coulomb’s Law)
- Electrodynamics (Motors, Generators, Alternating Current)
Modern Physics
- Photoelectric Effect
- Dual Nature of Light
- Applications in Technology
2. Chemistry
Chemistry focuses on substances, their properties, reactions, and applications.
Chemical Equilibrium
- Reversible Reactions
- Le Chatelier’s Principle
- Equilibrium Constant (Kc)
Acids and Bases
- pH and pOH Calculations
- Strength of Acids and Bases
- Titration and Neutralization
Electrochemistry
- Redox Reactions
- Galvanic and Electrolytic Cells
- Standard Electrode Potentials
Organic Chemistry
- Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes)
- Functional Groups (Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, Esters)
- Polymerization and Applications
